Track 14 : Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation, often called AFib or AF, is the most common type of irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that affects millions of people around the world. While it may sound like a simple irregular heartbeat, AFib can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. In this post, we'll break down what atrial fibrillation is, its symptoms, risk factors, and how it can be managed effectively.

What Is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat irregularly and out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles). Instead of a steady heartbeat, the heart may quiver or beat very fast, often more than 100 times per minute. This irregular rhythm can lead to poor blood flow and increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular problems.

Common Symptoms

Some people with AFib have no symptoms and are unaware they have it until it's discovered during a physical exam. Others may experience symptoms such as:

·        Palpitations (rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat)

·        Fatigue or weakness

·        Shortness of breath

·        Dizziness or lightheadedness

·        Chest pain (seek emergency care if this occurs)

Symptoms may be occasional (paroxysmal), persistent, or permanent, depending on the type of AFib.

What Causes Atrial Fibrillation?

There’s no single cause of AFib, but several factors can increase your risk:

·        High blood pressure

·        Coronary artery disease

·        Heart valve disease

·        Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)

·        Sleep apnea

·        Heavy alcohol use

·        Family history of AFib

·        Advanced age

Lifestyle factors such as stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise can also contribute to its development.

Why Is Atrial Fibrillation Serious?

One of the biggest dangers of AFib is the increased risk of stroke. When the atria don’t pump effectively, blood can pool and form clots. If a clot travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke. In fact, people with AFib are about 5 times more likely to have a stroke than those without it.

AFib can also weaken the heart muscle over time, leading to heart failure, especially if the heart is beating too fast for long periods.

Diagnosis and Tests

AFib is typically diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a test that records the electrical signals of the heart. In some cases, you may need additional testing such as:

·        Holter monitor (portable ECG worn for 24–48 hours)

·        Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)

·        Blood tests

·        Stress testing

Treatment Options

The goals of treating AFib are to restore a normal heart rhythm, prevent blood clots, and manage underlying conditions. Treatment may include:

1. Medications

·        Rate control drugs (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers)

·        Rhythm control drugs (antiarrhythmics)

·        Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to prevent stroke

2. Cardioversion

An electrical shock is delivered to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. This may be done in a hospital setting.

3. Catheter Ablation

A minimally invasive procedure where areas of the heart causing abnormal rhythms are destroyed using heat or cold energy.

4. Lifestyle Changes

·        Reducing caffeine and alcohol

·        Quitting smoking

·        Managing stress and sleep apnea

·        Regular physical activity and healthy diet

Living with Atrial Fibrillation

While a diagnosis of AFib may seem scary, many people live full, active lives with the right treatment and lifestyle changes. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, medication adherence, and heart-healthy habits are key to managing AFib long-term.