Track 2: Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally,
claiming an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, according to the World
Health Organization. Despite this staggering number, many people remain unaware
of what cardiovascular diseases are, their risk factors, and—most
importantly—how they can be prevented. In this blog post, we’ll break down
everything you need to know about cardiovascular diseases and how to keep your
heart healthy.

Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders
that affect the heart and blood vessels. They include:

·       
Coronary
artery disease (CAD) – narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to
the heart.

·       
Cerebrovascular
disease – affects blood flow to the brain (can lead to strokes).

·       
Peripheral
artery disease – affects blood flow to the limbs.

·       
Heart
failure – when the heart can't pump blood effectively.

·       
Congenital
heart disease – heart structure problems present from birth.

·       
Deep vein
thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in veins and lungs.

Several factors increase the risk of
developing cardiovascular diseases. These include:

High intake of saturated fats, trans fats,
salt, and sugar can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, leading to heart
disease.

A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of
obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol—all of which can damage the
heart.

Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
significantly raises the risk of heart attacks and stroke.

Heavy drinking can raise blood pressure and
damage the heart muscle.

Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and
high cholesterol often go hand-in-hand with heart disease.

Cardiovascular disease symptoms can vary
widely depending on the specific condition. Some common signs include:

·       
Chest pain or discomfort

·       
Shortness of breath

·       
Pain, numbness, or weakness in limbs

·       
Dizziness or lightheadedness

·       
Fatigue

·       
Irregular heartbeat

In some cases, especially in women, the
symptoms can be subtler—like nausea, indigestion, or back pain.

While some risk factors like genetics and age
can't be controlled, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your chances of
developing CVDs. Here’s how:

Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables,
lean proteins, and healthy fats (like those from nuts and olive oil).

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity
aerobic activity each week.

Within a year of quitting, your risk of heart
disease drops significantly.

Chronic stress can increase heart disease
risk. Practice mindfulness, deep breathing, or hobbies that help you relax.

Monitor your blood pressure, cholesterol, and
blood sugar levels regularly, especially if you have a family history of heart
disease.